Investigation the relationship of urban outdoor spaces and COVID-19 pandemic

Background and Aim: Urban outdoor space is an area of social interactions and face-to-face encounters due to the high power of certain spaces in various exchanges, such as information. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on these relationships, resulting in numerous shifts in human mobility and interaction patterns, especially in cities. However, urban outdoor spaces have the potential to play a major role in the disease's transmission and prevention. The current research uses a qualitative and quantitative approach to determine how the relation between urban outdoor spaces and COVID-19 disease has been established. Method: First, similar studies were listed, and the categories explained in them were coded after reviewing their content. Then The codes were given to 30 elites and academic experts in urban planning and management in the next level. The Shannon entropy approach was used to calculate the significance coefficient of each criterion and sub-criterion. Findings: Results revealed that urban outdoor space through four resilient urban design metrics with a value of WJ 0.2357, urban green space planning with a value of WJ0.0974, smart city with a value of WJ0.06277, and transportation with a value of WJ 0.0549, respectively, plays a part in the overcoming COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: The impact of the COVID-19 infectious disease on urban outdoor design can be analyzed from three perspectives: first, straegies that prevent the disease's transmission and spread in such environments with the least harm to ordinary people's lives. Second, solutions in urban open space design that increase the level of body immunity, Finally, social interactions should be built so people can communicate properly visually, verbally, and in other ways even when they are beside one another. Ultimately, these factors are effective in connecting public space during the COVID-19 epidemic crisis: cleanliness, accessibility, attraction, convenience, vitality and dynamism, performance, safety and security, and strength and health.